Research on the Sustainability Risk and Countermeasures of Pension Fund under Negative Population Growth
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64051/jhn.v1i2.36Keywords:
Negative Population Growth, Pension Fund, Sustainability, Income Balance, System OptimizationAbstract
This study examines the sustainability of China's pension funds in a context of negative population growth, analyzing how demographic shifts, economic fluctuations, and institutional flaws impact fund operations. The research reveals that declining working-age populations and accelerating aging are causing imbalances in fund revenues and expenditures. Slower economic growth and inflation further erode contribution capacity and investment returns, while the drawbacks of the Pay-as-you-go system and provincial-level pooling models exacerbate regional risks. Pension funds face multiple challenges including revenue-expenditure imbalances, investment volatility, systemic design flaws, and population mobility-induced risks. The study proposes comprehensive optimization strategies encompassing population structure improvement, diversified funding channels, expenditure control, enhanced investment management, and institutional reforms. These measures aim to provide theoretical and practical references for addressing the sustainability challenges of pension funds under negative population growth.
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